Disease Theory The seven major components of AA's disease. Disease Theory. The idea that habitually drinking to excess is a disease originated with a Dr. Benjamin Rush in the early 1. Rush considered intemperance, as well as lying, murder and political dissent, to all be diseases. He believed that in habitual drunkards “desire overpowered the will” meaning, in twentieth century terms, that they “lost control.” His cure was temperance, meaning no hard liquor and only beer and wine in moderation.
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Rush’s ideas were picked up by the growing Temperance Movement. By the 1. 84. 0s, hundreds of thousands of members of the Washingtonians, a society of reformed drunkards pledged to abstinence, were preaching about their personal experience of loss of control and religious cure. Of great significance is that, apparently, through the centuries of colonial America, no one ever reported loss of control until one person did so in 1. Prior to that date, when people drank too much, it was because they wanted to.
The Washingtonians soon disappeared but Rush’s ideas, enmeshed in strong currents of Protestant Revivalism, were carried through the late 1. With the collapse of the Washingtonians, secret societies of abstainers were formed such as the “Most Worthy Scribe of the Sons of Temperance” and the “Independent Order of Good Templars.” The Good Templars alone claimed 3. These groups virtually disappeared in the early 1. Prohibition. However, the idea that alcoholism is a disease didn’t. EM Jellinek, Marty Mann and the founding of today's . Modern disease theory is based on the results of one 1. The survey consisted of 3.
AA members. It was distributed to AA members through an AA magazine, The Grapevine. The AA editors of the AA magazine then chose E. M. Jellinek to compile the results. Although Jellinek had some misgivings due to the obvious methodological deficiencies, he felt there was also a great advantage,“. Jellinek already held their positions as “truthful” and their members as the only creditable source of information about alcoholics. Out of the 1. 58 questionnaires received, 6. Without ever investigating non- AA members and without ever checking the results experimentally, the 9.
AA members to an AA survey, compiled by an admirer of AA, were used as the factual basis for a disease of alcoholism. This is the present day “science” of alcoholism which supports the disease of alcoholism as espoused by the alcoholism treatment industry and Alcoholics Anonymous. The seven major elements of AA’s “disease of alcoholism” and their Big Book origins are: 1) An intense physically based craving is responsible for an alcoholic’s “loss of control” of drinking behavior. From the Big Book comes the slogan, “One drink, one drunk.” Dr. Silkworth’s ideas on alcoholism are covered in the Big Book. Also in the Big Book are dozens of personal stories that stress the loss of control suffered by alcoholics. An alcoholic can not be responsible for his behavior when either drinking or in pursuit of alcohol.
The craving takes over normal mental function. The Big Book refers to “the subtle insanity which precedes the first drink”7. Frequent mention is made of Dr. Hyde transformations when seized by the obsession to drink or when under the influence. The disease is progressive and incurable, with “jails, institutions, and death,” the only possible fate unless lifetime abstinence is observed.
Also from the Big Book, “Over any considerable period we get worse, never better.”7. Abstinence is unlikely to be maintained without special assistance. Also heavily stressed is, “Alcoholics rarely recover on their own.”5)The underlying disease gets worse even during periods of abstinence, meaning that even if one is abstinent, a return to drinking will be to progressively worse drinking, as if one had been drinking all along. The Big Book tells of the case of a 3. It was affecting his business so he stopped.
Welcome to GM’s Deadly Sins 101. In this seminar we will review and analyze some of the most critical blunders GM made over the decades. Pelis24.Com, Ver peliculas online gratis, estrenos de cine 2016 en espa The origin with Benjamin Rush of the theory that alcoholism is a disease. Jellinek's survey of AA members as the basis of a science of disease. Partnair-ulykken er en flyulykke som fant sted n. 55 mennesker mistet livet. Flyet ble borte fra svensk radar klokken 14:37:43 UTC.
Twenty five years later he retired, began drinking again and died within four years. The phrases “Once an alcoholic, always an alcoholic”8. Big Book references to this. The disease is independent of everything else in a person’s life and has a life of its own. This means people don’t abuse themselves with alcohol because of problems in their lives; they have problems in their lives because alcoholism or alcohol has taken control of them. AA’s first step, “We admitted we were powerless over alcohol — that our lives had become unmanageable” shows the assumed relationship.
Because of this force more powerful than themselves, alcoholics’ lives are disordered. Fixing the alcohol problem is assumed to be a prerequisite to fixing any other area of a person’s life. A major symptom of alcoholism and impediment to successful recovery is denial. Persons afflicted with alcoholism, as a result of “disease processes,” deny their problems. Intervention by others, especially those “in recovery,” is often necessary for the alcoholic to understand his situation. This element of the disease of alcoholism is not mentioned in the Big Book, at least not directly. Some present- day writers have suggested that early AA didn’t consider denial an element of alcoholism.
Certainly the word as used today wasn’t in the Big Book. It is, however, implied in the first step. The conversion techniques have always called for confession. Without denial of sin, admission (confession) would be unnecessary. The most important “medical” reason for considering alcoholism a disease is that people do sicken and die from habitual over- consumption of alcohol.
When it is pointed out to believers in “the disease” that patterns of alcoholism much more closely resemble habits and compulsions such as nail biting and compulsive gambling, the invariable response is that it is a disease because it is fatal. Of course, car accidents, war and the failure of parachutes to open during free- fall are all fatal too. Are they diseases because they are fatal? Calling something a disease implies a medical remedy. Of course, medicine does have a proper role in all these things.
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After a car accident, during a war and, in rare instances, after hitting the ground, medical experts are the ones to call upon to take x- rays, give transfusions, set broken bones and carry out other tasks for which they have special training. The same applies to people who have poisoned themselves with alcohol. The results of their behavior may well call for medical assistance. But there is no more medical treatment for the behavior of excessive drinking than there is medical treatment for careless driving, overambitious world leaders or improperly folded parachutes. The general public accepted the disease theory more out of compassion rather than a concern for the semantic argument of what is a disease and what isn’t. Proponents of the treatment of alcoholism as a disease argued that people with drinking problems should be helped, not jailed. It made sense and still does.
The problem and failure has been the nature of the “help.”medicine’s answer to the disease. Once alcoholism was defined as a disease, the problem was laid on the doorstep of medicine. AA has been shown to be ineffective but can medicine help? Many studies have tested this.
One particularly simple study done in London. One group received the full gamut of medical treatment; psychiatric care, doctors, hospitalization, whatever seemed appropriate during the one year course of the study. The medical services offered were comparable to those available in America. The other group received one hour of common sense advice on how to deal with everyday problems.
They were told they were alcoholic, needed to quit drinking and that it was up to them to do so. Both groups had equal AA involvement. At the end of the year, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Closer to home, the disease theory has been a tremendous boon to the American treatment industry. Millions of potential clients now have insurance to cover medical treatment. With billions of dollars available, the industry works to convince potential clients of the need for treatment.
To capture and maintain market share, individual corporations work to convince their potential clientele of the wisdom of choosing their particular brand of treatment. Since ads rarely or never mention AA, it is likely that those in charge of marketing know that if the nature of their “therapy” and “aftercare” was known, it would cost market share. Instead, each business concentrates on the need for treatment and boasts of special expertise, an exceptionally understanding, caring environment and, most of all, exceptional treatment success. The boasted efficiency of for- profit treatment centers is, at best, misleading media hype.
When the data these claims are based on is examined, it becomes clear that the question “Who is in treatment?” is more important than “What is the treatment?” These “scientifically proven” treatment programs are “proven” using biased samples. When the demographics of the test subjects are examined it is found that: 1) they are married. All of these factors are indicative of a successful outcome without treatment or in any other treatment. Also misleading is that those who drop out are not included and a short- term follow- up is used. A three- , six- or twelve- month follow- up may look remarkable but, when all factors are accounted for, the amazing 8. Never have the commonly used treatment methods for alcoholism been proven effective. The only evidence for success are the pronouncements of those who have been given the “Keys to the Kingdom” and the promotional sales work of the multi- billion dollar treatment industry.
There is little support for the disease theory among alcoholism researchers. Even people like George Vaillant have major disagreements with many of the elements. It seems that even AA supporters are much less concerned with defending untenable positions than defending the funneling of patients into AA- based treatment programs and on to AA.